Volume 5, Issue 1 (2025)

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-, AmpC β-Lactamase-, and Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli in Fecal Samples of Stray Cats in Italy

Downloads: 36

Written by André M. Coelho Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Carbapenem-resistant bacteria pose a serious worldwide public health problem, and growing evidence suggests that companion animals may contribute to the expansion of antimicrobial resistance. This research assessed the intestinal presence of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and carbapenemase (CP) enzymes, along with possible associated factors, in both healthy and diseased stray cats admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Lodi, University of Milan,

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci, and Mammaliicocci in Bulk Tank Milk from Dairy Herds in a Livestock-Intensive Region of Northern Italy

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Written by Maja Steinbach Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as the primary pathogen responsible for contagious mastitis in dairy cattle, whereas non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) represent the bacterial group most frequently recovered from milk samples. Apart from their role in animal disease, NASM are known to possess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants that can potentially be exchanged bidirectionally with S. aureus. The occurrence of methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci (MRS) poses notabl

Investigation of Subclinical Endometritis and Oviductal Occlusion in Holstein Repeat Breeders: Prevalence, Risks, and Therapeutic Interventions

Downloads: 25

Written by Jacek P Grodzicki Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Because Repeat Breeder (RB) syndrome leads to considerable reproductive and financial losses in dairy farming, this research aimed to estimate how frequently subclinical endometritis (SE) and oviductal occlusion (OO) occur in RB cows, identify their risk factors, and explore possible treatments. Ninety-nine RB cows were examined using endometrial cytology to detect SE, diagnosed when polymorphonuclear neutrophils exceeded 5%. Oviduct patency was evaluated with the phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) tes

Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Krškopolje Pigs Reared Under Distinct Organic Farming Systems

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Written by Ina Kayser Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Previous studies have revealed that both the production environment (conventional versus pasture-based) and the co-housing of pigs with other farm species can alter gut microbial communities. The present research involved two separate experiments aimed at profiling the 16S fecal microbiota of the native Krškopolje pig breed. Each experiment included three treatment categories: (i) pigs raised on pasture together with small ruminants (group L1, farm 1), (ii) pigs kept indoors without any contact

High-Dietary Laminaria digitata Effects on Muscle Proteome and Metabolome in Post-Weaning Piglets

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Written by Maria Pia Ferraz Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

The brown seaweed Laminaria digitata, recognized for its prebiotic properties, combined with alginate lyase supplementation, may support the growth and muscle development of piglets during the sensitive post-weaning stage. This research investigated the impact of including 10% L. digitata and 0.01% alginate lyase on the proteomic and metabolomic profile of the longissimus lumborum in weaned piglets. The results revealed that alginate lyase produced minimal changes in muscle protein composition r

Metabolome Alterations in Wild Boars Affected by Sarcoptic Mange

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Written by Domenico Prisa Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Sarcoptic mange is an extremely infectious parasitic skin disorder that continues to be a serious health challenge for both humans and other mammals around the globe. The disease is produced by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, and its clinical appearance can differ widely in form and severity. Besides visible skin irritation, affected individuals often undergo disruptions in metabolism, immune defense, reproduction, body temperature control, and overall physical condition. Despite this, the full meta

Role of EtSERPIN1 Interaction with Chicken ANXA2 in Eimeria tenella Adhesion and Invasion

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Written by Jorgelina Cussa Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Serpin family protease inhibitors (SERPINs) in protozoans are key regulators of multiple biological functions, including the entry of parasites into host cells. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms by which SERPINs facilitate host invasion remain largely unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that Eimeria tenella SERPIN1 (EtSERPIN1), present on the sporozoite surface, plays a functional role in cell adhesion and invasion. To identify the host membrane component mediating EtSERPIN1-driven

Initial Development of Microfluidic Platforms for Swine Sperm Sorting: Material Selection, Perfusion Mechanisms, and Flow Dynamics

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Written by Zhaobei Cai Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Enhancing the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in livestock breeding largely depends on improving semen quality by isolating only the most viable spermatozoa from ejaculates. While microfluidic systems have been widely explored for sperm sorting in humans, similar investigations in boar sperm remain scarce. Moreover, although sperm cells are known to be extremely sensitive to microplastics, the potential cytotoxicity of materials employed in microfluidic chip construction h

Performance Validation of Dual Multiplex Lateral Flow Devices for Fast Screening and Genotyping of FMDV

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Written by So-Hyun Son Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Lateral Flow Devices (LFDs) provide a rapid and practical method for detecting foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which is particularly valuable in endemic regions with limited laboratory infrastructure. Previous prototypes allowed simple FMD confirmation, but their capacity to identify specific serotypes—critical for understanding disease spread and guiding vaccine strategies—was limited. This work reports on the validation of two multiplex LFDs constructed using well-characterized monoclonal antibo

HPA Axis Dynamics in Standardbred Trotters: Differential ACTH and Cortisol Responses to Training Versus Racing Across Age and Sex

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Written by Martina Horváthová Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a key neuroendocrine pathway responsible for the adaptive stress response triggered by physical exertion. Exercise acts as a major challenge to physiological balance, stimulating the concurrent secretion of ACTH and cortisol depending on the exercise features in sport horses. Considering this, the present study aimed to assess fluctuations in circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in Standardbred trotters following both traini

Enterococcus faecium Kimate-X Mitigates Transport Stress in Dogs via Gut Microbiota Modulation, Elevated SCFAs, and Reduced Cortisol

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Written by Marie Dupont Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Stress in dogs during breeding or transport can trigger substantial physiological and behavioral disturbances, including anxiety, appetite reduction, immune suppression, gut microbial imbalance, and even mortality. While pharmacological treatments are widely used for stress management, few specifically target gut health. This study investigates the effectiveness of a new probiotic strain, Enterococcus faecium Kimate-X, in reducing transport-induced stress and supporting intestinal microbiota in

Severe Bronchopneumonia and Necrotizing Hepatitis in Post-Hatch Goldfinch Nestlings Due to Concurrent Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection

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Written by Caruso Antonio Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Bacterial infections are common among pet birds and represent a significant threat, particularly to nestlings and individuals with compromised immune systems, frequently leading to substantial mortality within the initial days post-hatching. This research aimed to characterize the pathological alterations associated with a spontaneous bacterial co-infection involving Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in nestling European goldfinches (Carduelis carduelis), identified as the cause o

Alpha-Lipoic Acid (25 μM) Reduces ROS in Bovine IVP Embryos and Enhances Post-Warming Hatching Without Altering Development Rates

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Written by Santiago González Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

An imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels can lead to oxidative stress (OS), which disrupts embryonic growth in vitro. This study investigated whether supplementing in vitro production media with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) could reduce OS, enhance embryonic development, and improve the freezing tolerance of bovine embryos. ALA was added at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 μM to either the in vitro maturation (IVM) or in vitro culture (IVC) medium, and its influence on development was

Unsustainable Rural Practice: Reflexive Thematic Analysis of Veterinarian Submissions to 2023 NSW Parliamentary Inquiry

Downloads: 28

Written by Charlotte Thomas Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

A significant shortage of veterinarians exists worldwide, with rural and regional regions being most affected. To address this issue in New South Wales (NSW), the State Parliament initiated a Parliamentary Inquiry in 2023. The Inquiry gathered 205 publicly accessible written submissions, offering perspectives on the difficulties faced by veterinarians in rural settings and how the growing feminisation of the workforce influences these challenges. Analysis of a selected group of submissions writt

Baculovirus-Derived Virus-Like Particles from a Chinese Epidemic FPLV Strain (Ala91Ser, Ile101Thr): Enhanced Immunogenicity and Complete Protective Efficacy in Cats

Downloads: 25

Written by Ming Liu Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Feline panleukopenia (FPL), resulting from infection with the feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV), is an extremely contagious and life-threatening viral disease characterized by high infection and death rates. Immunization continues to be the most reliable measure for limiting the spread and severity of the disease. The viral capsid protein VP2 is the dominant antigen of FPLV and serves as the principal focus for the design of improved vaccines. Recently, virus-like particle (VLP) technology has g

Repolarizing Macrophages with a Vitamin D-Binding Protein Derivative (EF-M2) as a Disease-Modifying Strategy in Naturally Occurring Canine Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

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Written by Levi Smit Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequent cause of disability in pet dogs, yet available medical options are mostly symptomatic and often limited by adverse effects. EF-M2, a precisely formulated derivative of the vitamin D-binding protein, has shown the ability in cell culture to steer macrophages toward a restorative, anti-inflammatory state. To evaluate its clinical potential, we performed a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical study (IMPAWS-OA-1) involving 60 privately owned dogs n

Bagaza Virus Emergence in Europe: Scoping Review of Transmission Dynamics, Phasianid Susceptibility, and Zoonotic Risks

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Written by Cristina Ortega Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Bagaza virus (BAGV), a member of the Orthoflavivirus genus (Ntaya serocomplex), was first recorded in Europe, specifically in Spain, in 2010. Its natural transmission involves Culex mosquitoes as vectors and infected birds as reservoirs. Research has shown that BAGV can infect several game birds within the Phasianidae family. Antigenically, BAGV resembles other orthoflaviviruses within the Japanese encephalitis group, including West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV), leading to possible cr

Adjunctive Use of a Gastrin-Targeting Nutraceutical Pellet Significantly Reduces ESGD Severity in Endurance Horses

Downloads: 30

Written by Emma Robertson Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) often necessitates extended administration of acid-suppressing drugs, prompting growing interest in nutraceuticals with potential anti-ulcer effects. This investigation evaluates the therapeutic impact of the Trophogast pellet on ESGD in endurance horses. Fifteen endurance horses were enrolled following gastroscopic assessment and were randomly allocated either to a treatment cohort, which received a Trophogast pellet for 30 days along with management adjus

Complete Blood Count as a Screening Tool for Pancreatitis in Lethargic and Anorectic Cats

Downloads: 28

Written by Daniela Ionescu Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Feline pancreatitis (FP) represents a significant clinical challenge in cats. Current gold-standard diagnosis relies on the combination of serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) measurement and abdominal ultrasonography (AUS). Although these methods provide high specificity, they are costly and require considerable time. A rapid, inexpensive screening tool with high sensitivity capable of reliably excluding FP during the initial consultation would therefore be highly valuable. To

Optical Flow Patterns in Broiler Flocks Reflect Both Group Activity and Individual Behavioral Differences

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Written by Lukas Breuer Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Critiques of flock-level welfare metrics often argue that group averages hide the situation of individual animals. Here, we demonstrate that optical flow measures collected from broiler groups can yield information not only about mean flock activity but also about the distribution of movement types within the group. The mean reflects overall motion, while variance, skew and kurtosis capture differences among individuals. We linked optical flow statistics to the behavior and welfare of 16 sampled

Aortic Arch Anomalies in Dogs: Prevalence and Classification Using Multidetector Computed Tomographic Angiography

Downloads: 28

Written by Samuel Obeng Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

Aortic arch anomalies are significant due to their potential association with vascular ring malformations. Among these, a persistent right aortic arch is the most frequently seen in dogs. However, there is limited published information regarding the distribution and types of these vascular abnormalities. This retrospective study aimed to explore the prevalence and variety of aortic arch anomalies detectable through thoracic CT scans. CT scans from a database collected between 2008 and 2020 were

Genomic Characterization and Evolutionary Analysis of a Novel IBV Strain (HH06) Isolated in Northeastern China

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Written by María Domínguez Published on Vol 5 Issue 1, 2025

The spike (S) glycoprotein is a key virulence factor for coronaviruses (CoVs), and CoV variants are categorized through S gene analysis. In this study, we present the phylogenetic analysis of a newly isolated infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain in relation to available genome and protein sequences, based on network analysis, multiple sequence alignments, selection pressures, and evolutionary fingerprinting techniques, specifically in the People's Republic of China. We selected 111 CoV s

Volume 5, Issue 1 (2025)

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