Because Repeat Breeder (RB) syndrome leads to considerable reproductive and financial losses in dairy farming, this research aimed to estimate how frequently subclinical endometritis (SE) and oviductal occlusion (OO) occur in RB cows, identify their risk factors, and explore possible treatments. Ninety-nine RB cows were examined using endometrial cytology to detect SE, diagnosed when polymorphonuclear neutrophils exceeded 5%. Oviduct patency was evaluated with the phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test. Body condition scores were recorded, and reproductive information—including parity, calving and insemination dates, number of artificial inseminations (AI), and postpartum illnesses—was collected from herd records.
Cows positive for SE were assigned to one of three therapeutic groups: (a) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), (b) prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), or (c) NSAID combined with PGF2α. Those diagnosed with OO received either (a) a therapeutic embryo or (b) AI. SE and OO were found in 22% and 3% of cows, respectively. Logistic regression revealed no significant associations between SE and any studied risk factor. Cows receiving NSAIDs, alone or combined with PGF2α, had higher conception rates at the next insemination (p < 0.05). Because OO was rare, statistical modeling was not performed for this condition. Overall, SE and OO do not appear to be major contributors to RB syndrome in this population. Nevertheless, NSAID therapy for SE may improve conception success when SE is confirmed as the main underlying issue.
