Reports on laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy for treating hydrometra or pyometra in small dogs are scarce. This study retrospectively reviewed 77 dogs weighing less than 6 kg that underwent a two-port laparoscopic-assisted procedure for mild to moderate uterine disease. Surgical ports were positioned at the umbilicus and midway between the umbilicus and pelvic brim. The uterine horn was exteriorized, and the cervix was ligated and transected. The dogs had a median age of 8.8 years (10 months–16.1 years) and a median weight of 3 kg (1.26–6.0 kg). Clinical presentation varied from lethargy, anorexia, increased thirst, and urination, though 66% of dogs were asymptomatic, with uterine enlargement found incidentally. Histopathology confirmed hydrometra in 51 dogs and pyometra in 26. Median operative time was 32 minutes (15–83), and median hospitalization was zero days (0–3). No intraoperative complications occurred; 18 dogs had temporary postoperative anorexia, and 3 experienced minor incision site infections. All sutures were removed within 7–10 days, and all dogs were healthy at the two-week follow-up. The results indicate that two-port laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive option for treating mild to moderate hydrometra and pyometra in small dogs.
