Synovial joint lubrication is crucial for smooth movement and joint health. This study investigated the ultrastructural properties of synovial fluid in indigenous cattle to differentiate its characteristics from other species, aiding in improved prognosis and diagnosis of joint disorders. This study was conducted in Madhya Pradesh, India, and involved synovial fluid collection from the knee joints of two groups: young calves (6 months to 1 year) and adult indigenous cattle (4-5 years). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for detailed analysis. The observations revealed an intricate cross-linked network of filamentous structures and extracellular vesicles within the synovial fluid. These elements indicate a dual role in lubrication, combining both boundary and hydrodynamic mechanisms. However, the dominant presence of the filamentous network and unilamellar vesicles suggests that boundary lubrication may be the primary mechanism facilitating joint movement.
