Volume 6, Issue 1 (2026)

Multimorbidity Changes the Meaning of Every Veterinary Treatment Decision: A Patient-Centered Clinical Architecture for Reconciling Competing Diseases, Drug Interactions, Functional Reserve, Treatment Burden, and Caregiver Capacity

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Written by Ana Rodrigues Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Veterinary care becomes qualitatively different when an animal has several clinically important conditions because the value, risk, feasibility, and timing of each intervention depend on the rest of the patient's disease and care context. Single-disease reasoning can therefore produce locally appropriate recommendations that become collectively burdensome, interacting, contradictory, or poorly aligned with patient welfare and caregiver capability. This article develops an original non-empiri

Veterinary Artificial Intelligence Should Know When Not to Decide: A Clinical Governance Architecture for Diagnostic Uncertainty, Distribution Shift, Model Abstention, Explainability, Human Oversight, Safe Escalation, and Post-Deployment Monitoring

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Written by Krzysztof Wiśniewski Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Artificial intelligence is moving from experimental veterinary applications toward clinical decision support, yet predictive performance alone does not establish whether an output is safe to use for a particular animal, task, clinician, or setting. This article develops an original non-empirical governance architecture for veterinary AI centered on a simple requirement: a clinically responsible system should be able to recognize conditions in which it should not control the decision. The analysi

The Best Surgical Technique Depends on the Failure Mode: A Comparative Veterinary Decision Architecture for Matching Open, Arthroscopic, Laparoscopic, and Image-Guided Intervention to Patient, Lesion, and Procedural Risk

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Written by Ahmed Ben Ali Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Surgical technique selection in veterinary medicine is frequently framed as a comparison between open and minimally invasive approaches, yet this framing can obscure the distinct ways procedures succeed or fail. This article proposes a comparative surgical decision architecture based on failure modes rather than technique labels. The framework examines how exposure, visualization, access, fixation or repair control, tissue burden, patient characteristics, lesion characteristics, and procedural r

Organ Protection During Veterinary Anesthesia Requires More Than Stable Vital Signs: A Physiology-Guided Perioperative Framework Integrating Perfusion, Ventilation, Temperature, Analgesia, Metabolic Demand, and Recovery-Phase Surveillance

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Written by Peter Nilsson Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Stable heart rate, arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, and end-tidal carbon dioxide can coexist with physiologically important risk because each variable samples only part of oxygen transport, organ blood flow, ventilation, thermal balance, nociceptive stress, and recovery. This article develops an original non-empirical, physiology-guided framework for organ protection during canine and feline anesthesia. The analysis separates measured stability from inferred physiological adequacy and disti

Antimicrobial Exposure Is Not Equivalent to Antimicrobial Success: A Veterinary Treatment Model Integrating Pathogen Susceptibility, Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Penetration, Pharmacodynamics, Host Response, Biofilm Biology, and Source Control

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Written by James O'Leary Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Antimicrobial treatment is commonly interpreted through two linked observations: a pathogen is categorized as susceptible and an antimicrobial is administered at an accepted dose. Neither observation establishes that microbiologically active exposure occurs at the infection site or that bacterial control will follow. Veterinary patients introduce additional variation through species-specific disposition, disease-altered pharmacokinetics, anatomically protected compartments, biofilm growth, bacte

Resilient Herd Health Requires Managing the Next Failure Before It Appears: A Dynamic Veterinary Architecture Integrating Biosecurity, Population Immunity, Pathogen Pressure, Production Stress, Detection Capacity, Response, and Recovery

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Written by Lukas Weber Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Herd-health programs commonly organize prevention, surveillance, outbreak control, and recovery as separate activities. This fragmentation can leave a herd apparently secure while the capacity most likely to fail next is deteriorating. This article develops an original non-empirical architecture in which resilience is defined as the time-dependent ability of a herd system to limit pathogen entry, absorb exposure without disproportionate loss, detect consequential change, mobilize an appropriate

The Gut Microbiome Should Modify Nutritional Decisions Only When It Changes Clinical or Production Action: A Translational Veterinary Framework Connecting Microbial Function, Diet, Metabolism, Disease State, and Host Performance

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Written by Maria Gonzales Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Veterinary microbiome research increasingly identifies diet-associated microbial taxa, functional genes, metabolites, and dysbiosis patterns. However, detecting a difference does not establish that nutrition should change. Taxonomic composition may diverge from functional capacity; functional potential may not produce measurable metabolites; and metabolite variation may not alter host health, welfare, or production performance. Interpretation is further constrained by species, gastrointestinal c

Welfare Risk Accumulates Across the Animal Life Course: A Longitudinal Veterinary Framework Linking Early Experience, Housing, Health, Pain, Handling, Transport, Production Demands, Adaptation, Recovery, and End-of-Life Decisions

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Written by Patrick O'Connor Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Animal-welfare assessment commonly describes an animal at a particular observation point, although the observed state may reflect exposures, adaptations, and incomplete recoveries accumulated over months or years. This article develops an original non-empirical longitudinal framework for interpreting welfare across the animal life course. It integrates prenatal and early-life conditions, maternal and social environments, housing, disease, pain, human contact, transport, production transitions, r

Pain and Behaviour Diverge When Animals Adapt, Mask, or Reorganize Their Responses: A Multimodal Veterinary Framework Integrating Movement, Posture, Facial Expression, Activity, Feeding, Social Behavior, and Context

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Written by Gabriel Costa Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Pain assessment in animals depends on observable consequences of an experience that cannot be directly reported or measured. Yet behaviour is neither a transparent readout of pain nor a stable signal across time. Animals may preserve feeding, suppress conspicuous responses, redistribute activity, adopt economical postures, or reorganize social and self-maintenance behaviour while pain persists. Conversely, fear, weakness, nausea, sedation, confinement, handling, and environmental novelty may pro

Climate-Sensitive Animal Disease Surveillance Must Anticipate Ecological Change Before Outbreak Counts Rise: A Veterinary Early-Warning Architecture Integrating Vectors, Hosts, Weather, Landscape, Movement, Exposure, and Response

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Written by Luca Ferraro Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Climate-sensitive animal diseases can shift before conventional surveillance registers a rise in diagnosed cases, creating a mismatch between ecological change and outbreak recognition. This article develops an original non-empirical veterinary early-warning architecture for interpreting upstream changes in weather, vector biology, host distribution, landscape, animal movement, exposure, and response capacity before they are converted into confirmed disease counts. The synthesis distinguishes cl

Spillover Risk Is Created by Interfaces Rather Than Pathogens Alone: A Multilevel One Health Architecture Linking Wildlife, Livestock, Companion Animals, Humans, Environmental Persistence, Contact Networks, and Host Susceptibility

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Written by Pieter Botha Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Zoonotic spillover is often framed as a property of pathogens: host range, virulence, receptor use, environmental stability, or evolutionary potential. Yet pathogen hazard becomes epidemiologically consequential only when ecological, animal, environmental, behavioral, and host conditions create an interface through which exposure can occur and infection barriers can be crossed. This article develops an original non-empirical One Health architecture that treats the interface, rather than the path

Genomic Surveillance Should Change Veterinary Action Rather Than Merely Describe Pathogen Diversity: A Decision Architecture for Variant Detection, Transmission Inference, Resistance Signals, Risk Escalation, Targeted Control, and Data Governance

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Written by Santiago Morales Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Genomic surveillance can reveal pathogen diversity at a resolution that conventional typing cannot provide, yet sequence resolution alone does not determine what veterinary services should investigate, escalate, control, or communicate. This article develops an original non-empirical decision architecture for converting genomic observations into bounded veterinary surveillance evidence. The analysis separates sampling design and representativeness from sequencing and assembly quality; distinguis

Vaccination Strategy Should Adapt When Pathogen Ecology Changes: A Veterinary Decision Framework Integrating Antigenic Drift, Population Immunity, Exposure Heterogeneity, Host Structure, Disease Severity, Vaccine Performance, and Operational Feasibility

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Written by Nora Schneider Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Veterinary vaccination strategies are often operationalized through predefined products, schedules, target populations, and coverage objectives, yet the biological and epidemiological conditions that originally justified those choices may change. Antigenic evolution can alter vaccine–field strain relationships; immunity can decline or be diluted by population turnover; age, maternal immunity, species, and production structure can modify vaccine responses; exposure may be spatially or demographic

The Wildlife–Livestock Boundary Is a Moving Epidemiological System: A Cross-Sector Veterinary Governance Architecture for Shared Pathogens, Surveillance Gaps, Farm Biosecurity, Landscape Change, Conservation Constraints, and Coordinated Intervention

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Written by Daniel Kim Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Wildlife–livestock disease interfaces are often managed as geographically stable boundaries between wildlife populations and production systems, yet the epidemiological conditions that generate cross-species risk are mobile, seasonal, environmentally mediated, and institutionally fragmented. This article develops an original non-empirical cross-sector governance architecture for interpreting the wildlife–livestock boundary as a moving epidemiological system. Evidence from wildlife ecology, lives

Why Veterinary Antimicrobial Stewardship Works in Some Clinical Settings but Fails in Others: A Realist Review of Prescribing Behavior, Diagnostic Access, Client Expectations, Practice Systems, Economic Pressures, and Policy Context, 2017–2026

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Written by Mateo Alvarez Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Veterinary antimicrobial stewardship is implemented across clinical environments that differ substantially in diagnostic capacity, prescribing routines, client or farmer relationships, organizational resources, economic constraints, guideline infrastructure, and regulatory expectations. Consequently, interventions with similar stewardship objectives may produce different prescribing responses across settings. This realist review examined how contexts interact with mechanisms to influence veterin

Wearable and Contactless Technologies for Detecting Pain, Lameness, Stress, Disease, and Behavioral Change in Animals: An Evidence-Mapping Review of Sensor Modalities, Validation Maturity, Clinical Readiness, and Research Gaps, 2017–2026

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Written by Sara Ben Youssef Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Wearable and contactless sensing technologies increasingly quantify animal movement, posture, activity, temperature, facial characteristics, vocal or respiratory events, and other observable signals potentially relevant to pain, lameness, stress, disease, and behavioral change. However, technical recognition performance, biological interpretation, external validation, and clinical actionability are frequently treated as if they represent the same evidential stage. This evidence-mapping review ex

From Computer Vision to Clinical Decision Support in Veterinary Medicine: A Critical Review of Diagnostic Performance, Dataset Representativeness, Distribution Shift, Explainability, Calibration, Workflow Integration, Human Oversight, and Patient-Safety Risks, 2017–2026

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Written by Noah Williams Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Computer vision is moving from experimental veterinary image analysis toward clinical decision support, yet high reported diagnostic performance does not establish transportability, reliable uncertainty estimation, workflow value, or patient safety. This critical review evaluates veterinary computer-vision evidence from 2017–2026 across acquisition, annotation and ground-truth construction, classification, detection, segmentation, measurement, diagnostic performance, validation, representativene

Emerging Zoonotic and Transboundary Infectious Threats at Wildlife–Livestock–Human Interfaces: A Living Systematic Review of Surveillance Signals, Reservoir Dynamics, Transmission Pathways, Exposure Networks, Intervention Evidence, and Preparedness, 2017–2026

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Written by Elena Petrova Published on Vol 6 Issue 1, 2026

Zoonotic and transboundary infectious threats increasingly emerge through dynamic wildlife–livestock–human interfaces in which reservoir circulation, livestock amplification, exposure networks, and surveillance intensity can change faster than conventional periodic reviews. This living systematic review examines how heterogeneous signals should be interpreted without conflating pathogen detection with validated transmission, reservoir attribution, outbreak magnitude, or intervention effectivenes

Volume 6, Issue 1 (2026)

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