The article reviews the incidence of toxocariasis in both humans and dogs in different regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account variations by age and gender. The article discusses the routes of transmission of the parasite to potential hosts and assesses the extent of environmental contamination by infected animals shedding Toxocara eggs in urban and rural areas. The clinical manifestations of the disease, along with hematological characteristics in affected individuals, are also analyzed. Toxocariasis is common in numerous countries worldwide, including Russia, Africa, Europe, the United States, and Southeast Asia. The infection is most often detected in stray dogs and cats, which contribute to environmental contamination by excreting large quantities of helminth eggs in inhabited areas. On average, approximately 16% of dogs and cats carry the infection, though in special cases, the prevalence can increase to 90%. In 2020, helminth infections accounted for 87.5% of all parasitic diseases. In that year, 871 cases of toxocariasis in humans were reported, corresponding to an incidence rate of 0.59 per 100,000 people. This represented a 2.25-fold decline from 2019 and a 3.9-fold decrease since 2011. Among children under 17 years of age, 353 cases were recorded (1.17 per 100,000 in this age group), marking a decrease of 1.9 times compared to 2019 and a 4.9-fold drop from 2011 levels.
