Tree holes are formed by environmental factors and biotic pressures and provide a unique environment for the development of insect larvae. These water-filled cavities, or their equivalents, are considered natural microhabitats due to their simplicity, small size, clear boundaries, and inherent replication. This study aimed to investigate the ecology of tree holes in different tree species, along with the distribution and diversity of insect larvae. Eight tree species with tree holes were identified in the study area. Moringa oleifera had the highest number of tree holes, followed by Samanea saman. Significant differences were observed in the independent variables of tree holes across the 3 tree species. A total of 6 larvae species were recorded, representing 5 insect species and 1 annelid. These included Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, Scirtidae sp., Chaboridae sp., Armadillidae sp., and Euborellia annulipes from the arthropod phylum, along with Naididae sp. from the annelid phylum. Among the 6 species, Culex quinquefasciatus had the highest abundance, followed by Aedes aegypti. The findings indicate that tree holes and their water provide sufficient resources to support insect larvae. A long-term survey is recommended to further study their assemblages and understand their role in biodiversity.
