This study consolidates existing knowledge on the millipede fauna (Diplopoda) of the Stavropol Territory and examines their distribution patterns across the region. The analysis draws from research spanning over a century (1897–2021) and incorporates previously unpublished records from the Stavropol Territory and North Ossetia–Alania. A total of 27 millipede species have been identified, representing twenty genera, 8 families, and 5 orders. Notably, Polydesmus stuxbergi Attems, 1907 was reported for the first time in the Caucasus. Among the recorded species, 14 are endemic to the Caucasus, with Vegrandosoma tabacarui Antić et Makarov, 2016 and Omobrachyiulus zuevi Vagalinski, 2021 currently known only from the Stavropol Territory. The highest species diversity is concentrated in the southwestern region, where the Shpakovskiy District (including Stavropol City) supports 24 species. Other districts with significant diversity include Kochubeevskiy (12 species), Predgornyi (11 species), Georgievskiy (10 species), and Aleksandrovskiy (7 species). This distribution is related to the presence of forested areas, which are limited to only 1.6% of the region’s total land area. Due to the restricted forest cover, many millipede species, especially those exclusive to the Stavropol Upland, may be vulnerable and require conservation measures.
