Volume 4, Issue 1 (2024)

Investigation of Bacterial Contamination in House Flies across Various Environments

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Written by G. Gioia Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

Musca domestica is a key vector for transferring harmful pathogens from contaminated surfaces to humans. Several studies have confirmed the critical role of houseflies in the spread of various infectious diseases. This research aimed to investigate the bacterial contamination present in M. domestica from diverse environments. Samples were collected from locations such as slaughterhouses, coastal regions, hospital premises, and both rural and urban waste sites. Once collected, the samples were pl

Variation in the Ground-Dwelling Insect Community in Southern Santa Fe Province, Argentina

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Written by Natacha María Noelia Schanzempch Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

The preservation of biodiversity is essential due to the profound impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems. Human-induced factors, including the expansion of agricultural boundaries, the introduction of non-native species, and deforestation, are among the primary causes of biodiversity changes. Insects, as a key component of entomofauna, serve as valuable indicators of environmental health and play essential roles in ecological processes such as pollination and organic matter decomposit

Pathogenic Effects of Entomopathogenic Fungal Strains on Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Larvae

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Written by Ghulam Ali Bugti Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

The excessive and inappropriate use of chemical pesticides presents significant risks to the environment, natural predators in agroecosystems, and human health, leading to diseases such as skin disorders, cancer, and respiratory problems. To mitigate these dangers, it is essential to adopt alternative pest control strategies. In this context, the use of biopesticides offers a safer and climate-friendly approach to insect management. This research focused on evaluating various entomopathogenic fu

Antibacterial Potential of Ethanol Extracts from Psidium guajava and Persea Americana Leaves Against MRSA

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Written by Enwa Felix Oghenemaro Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

The emergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains has motivated this research to explore alternative treatment options. This study focuses on evaluating the combined antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts from Persea americana and Psidium guajava leaves against MRSA isolates. The plant materials were powdered and extracted by cold maceration method using 80% v/v ethanol. Phytochemical analysis followed standard protocols. The antibacterial properties of the individu

Assessment and Control Strategies for Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) Infestation in Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivation, Ethiopia

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Written by Ethiopia Agemasu Getu Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

Maize is the most important crop in Ethiopia, but its production faces significant constraints due to various challenges, especially insect pests such as armyworms. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence of fall armyworms and investigate management strategies using different maize varieties and insecticides in the Dera district, Ethiopia. The survey was conducted in four selected Kebeles with data analysis using SPSS. A factorial experiment was designed, incorporating a randomized com

Genome-Wide CNV Mapping and GWAS Identify Candidate Genes for Body Weight and Egg Quality in Wenshui Green Shell-Laying Chickens

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Written by Jin Xiu Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

Copy number variation (CNV) represents a key form of genetic diversity that can influence gene regulation, phenotypic variability, disease predisposition, and evolutionary processes in animals. To gain deeper insights into the weight and egg quality characteristics of chickens, this study aimed to detect CNVs in Wenshui green-shelled laying chickens and perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on copy number variation regions (CNVRs). The goal was to identify genetic variants and can

Differential Hepatic Gene Expression in Cats with Congenital Portosystemic Shunts: Elevated TGFβ, VEGFR2, HGF, FGF21, and CPS1 Versus Controls

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Written by Julia de Groot Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are rare circulatory malformations that divert portal venous blood away from the liver, leading to reduced hepatic development and compromised liver performance. Felines affected by CPSS commonly display neurological and systemic abnormalities typical of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), arising from excess ammonia, inflammation, and oxidative imbalance. Surgical correction of the anomaly generally restores portal perfusion, improves liver capacity, and eliminat

First Molecular Evidence of *Hepatozoon canis* in Domestic Dogs from Sardinia, Italy: Prevalence and Phylogenetic Insights

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Written by Ricci Camilla Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

Protozoan parasites of the genus Hepatozoon, transmitted by ticks, are known to infect both domestic and wild animals worldwide. However, their distribution and occurrence in Sardinia remain largely unexplored. The present study investigated the presence of Hepatozoon spp. in domestic dogs across nine Sardinian localities. Blood samples were obtained from all animals and analyzed molecularly to detect DNA from Hepatozoon and Babesia/Theileria species. Among the 51 tested dogs, nine were positive

Mastitis-Associated Upregulation of S100A7 in Dairy Goat Mammary Tissue and Milk: Correlation with SCC and Diagnostic Performance via ROC Analysis

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Written by Ren Suzuki Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

S100A7, an inflammation-associated protein, plays a critical role in the host’s immune defense; however, its relationship with mastitis in dairy goats has not been extensively studied. In this study, based on clinical udder examinations, somatic cell count (SCC), and milk bacteriological culture (BC), a total of 84 dairy goats were classified into three groups: healthy (n = 25), subclinical mastitis (n = 36), and clinical mastitis (n = 23). The concentration of S100A7 in subclinical mastitis goa

5-Azacytidine Enhances Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Replication in PK15 Cells via MAPK Pathway Activation and Immune Dysregulation

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Written by Rong Hua Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the major etiological agent responsible for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a disease that disrupts immune functions and continues to threaten the global swine population. 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza), a recognized inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase activity, can modulate numerous biological and pathological events, including those associated with viral infections, through the suppression of gene transcription. Yet, its influence on PCV2 replicati

Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Spontaneous Atrial Fibrillation in Dogs: Insights from 2.36 Million Cases

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Written by Ricardo Cunha Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

While numerous investigations in humans have recognized multiple determinants influencing atrial fibrillation (AF) onset, equivalent data concerning dogs remain scarce. The present systematic review aims to identify the primary factors contributing to AF occurrence in canine populations. In compliance with the PRISMA 2020 framework, an extensive search was carried out across the Web of Science and Scopus databases to locate studies documenting naturally developed AF in dogs. The quality of the g

Microvascular Perfusion in the Equine Gastrointestinal Tract During Induced Hypotension and Dobutamine Rescue: A Sidestream Dark-Field Microscopy Study

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Written by Mikko Vartiainen Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

Horses undergoing abdominal exploratory procedures are susceptible to both hypotension and inadequate tissue perfusion. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is often considered an indicator of sufficient tissue blood flow, although systemic measures may not accurately mirror microcirculatory dynamics. This investigation assessed MAP, cardiac index, lactate concentration, and four microcirculatory indices in six healthy, anesthetized adult horses undergoing planned laparotomies. Microcirculatory data w

Proteomic Profiling of Yak Milk from Naturally Prolonged Lactation Reveals Mammary Gland Degeneration Using iTRAQ Technology

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Written by Agnieszka Kowalczyk Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

Prolonged lactation is common in yaks under grazing conditions with natural reproduction. To understand the differences in milk protein composition and mammary gland function between standard lactation yaks (TL yaks) and prolonged lactation yaks (HL yaks), milk samples from 15 TL and 15 HL yaks were collected from a yak pasture in the northwest highlands of China. The iTRAQ technique was used to analyze the skim milk proteins. The analysis revealed 202 differentially expressed proteins, with 109

Malignant Transformation to Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma Following Serratia liquefaciens-Induced Polyostotic Osteomyelitis in a German Shepherd Dog

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Written by Kristjan Reinsalu Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

The emergence of bone neoplasms secondary to long-standing osteomyelitis is considered an uncommon and typically delayed outcome in both humans and veterinary patients. We report a case of malignant change—specifically a chondroblastic osteosarcoma—in a 7-year-old German shepherd previously affected by polyostotic osteomyelitis triggered by Serratia liquefaciens at 15 months of age. The neoplasm arose in the right humeral diaphysis, one of the earlier infection sites. To our knowledge, this repr

Bilateral Erector Spinae Plane Block Reduces Intraoperative Opioid Requirements Compared with Fentanyl CRI in Dogs Undergoing Hemilaminectomy: A Retrospective Study

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Written by Hannah Boyd Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is an ultrasound-assisted fascial block used to manage perioperative pain in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy. This study set out to evaluate how a bilateral ESPB compares with a fentanyl constant rate infusion (CRI) for analgesia in this setting. This retrospective cohort review examined anaesthesia records from client-owned dogs that underwent hemilaminectomy between June 2019 and August 2020 and received a bilateral ESPB (group ESPB). Their outcomes were c

Altered Platelet Activation Gene Expression in Dogs Affected by Stage B2 Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

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Written by Claire Jeannet Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

Peripheral blood contains numerous mRNAs that have the potential to influence cardiac physiology. Although stage B2 Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD) is known to involve prolonged hemodynamic stress and remodeling of cardiac chambers due to mitral regurgitation, the gene-expression alterations present in the blood of affected dogs have not yet been clearly defined. To explore these changes, we compared the blood transcriptomes of healthy dogs (NC) with those of dogs naturally diagnosed with

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Dog Tears Collected by Microcapillary Tube, Schirmer Strip, and Ophthalmic Sponge Using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis

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Written by András Kovács Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024

Proteomic assessment of tear fluid has become increasingly valuable in both human and veterinary research. The approach used to obtain tear samples may alter the resulting protein composition. This work investigates the tear protein patterns in dogs when samples are gathered using microcapillary tubes (MT), Schirmer tear strips (ST), and ophthalmic sponges (OS). Dog tears were obtained via MT, ST, and OS. Protein profiles were examined through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and variatio

Volume 4, Issue 1 (2024)

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