Volume 1, Issue 1 (2021)

Exploring the Role of Nanotechnology in Enhancing Apiculture Practices

Written by Hossam F. Abou-Shaara Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

Nanotechnology, which involves the use of materials smaller than 100 nanometers to perform specific tasks, has gained attention in agriculture, industry, and medicine. As this field has advanced, various techniques for preparing nanoparticles have been developed. While nanotechnology has mainly focused on creating for managing plant diseases and pests, its applications in beekeeping are limited. Most research in this field has examined the use of bee products as nanoparticles for medical purpose

Synthetic Acaricides in Tick Control Programs: An Overview of Present Applications

Written by K R. Reshma Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

Ticks are a large group of blood-feeding arthropods that act as vectors for a range of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Historically, synthetic acaricides have been the cornerstone of global tick control efforts. Consequently, it is essential to develop strategies that help maintain the effectiveness of these chemicals. This paper provides an overview of synthetic acaricides, tracing their use from early applications to current market options. It also examines the mechanisms of ac

Evaluation of Urtica dioica Extract as a Protective Agent against Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Induced by Insecticides

Written by Mongi Saoudi Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

This study aimed to explore the protective potential of Urtica dioica (U. dioica) against liver and kidney damage caused by combined exposure to the insecticides deltamethrin (DLM) and chlorpyrifos (CPF). Five experimental groups of rats were established: a control group, a group exposed to the DLM/CPF insecticide mixture, a group receiving a combination of vitamins C and E alongside the DLM/CPF mixture, a group administered an aqueous extract of U. dioica and a group treated with both the extra

Evaluating the Sorptive Potential of Enterosorbents in Cases of Heavy Metal Toxicity Risk

Written by S. F. Andrusenko Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

A comparative evaluation was conducted to evaluate the detoxifying efficiency of different sorbents concerning heavy metals. Metal ion sorption was carried out under static conditions using solutions of CuCl2·2H2O, ZnSO4, PbCl2, and NiCl, all of analytical grade. Lead, nickel, and zinc concentrations were determined through complexometry, while copper concentration was measured by iodometry. To examine the desorption processes, a solution of “artificial” intestinal juice was prepared. The study

Farmer-Identified Solutions for Small Ruminant Production Challenges in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda: Insights from 54 Studies

Written by Kwame Mensah Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

Sheep and goats constitute a vital asset for smallholder farmers throughout East Africa; however, numerous obstacles still hinder small ruminant productivity. This review sought to pinpoint the main limitations in small ruminant farming and propose feasible and sustainable approaches to address them. Out of 54 qualifying studies, the majority originated from Ethiopia (n = 44), with only six from Tanzania and four from Uganda. In Ethiopia and Tanzania, disease was the most prevalent constraint (n

Alleles 177 (AC117), 263 (Ap243), and 269 (SV185) Confer Reduced Nosema Infection in Apis mellifera mellifera: Implications for Marker-Assisted Selection

Written by Ivan Petrov Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

Microsporidian parasites of the genus Nosema, especially Nosema ceranae, continue to represent major threats to the health of Apis mellifera colonies. A promising strategy to mitigate these effects involves breeding honey bee colonies resistant to Nosema infection through molecular breeding methods such as marker-assisted selection (MAS). To enable this, it is necessary to establish reliable genetic markers for bee selection. This study aimed to investigate correlations between certain microsate

Isolation of Cyanide-Utilizing Ruminal Bacteria and Mitigation of Cassava Cyanide Toxicity by High-Sulfur Pellets In Vitro

Written by Nabila Sari Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

This research involved two distinct experiments: the first (Experiment 1) aimed to identify ruminal bacteria capable of breaking down cyanide, while the second (Experiment 2) assessed how fresh cassava root (FCR) and sulfur-enriched pellets (PELFUR) affect cyanide levels, gas generation traits, in vitro degradation, and ruminal fermentation. In Experiment 1, a completely randomized design (CRD) was used to test bacterial tolerance at cyanide concentrations of 0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm. Experiment

Percutaneous Cutibacterium acnes Inoculation in Sheep IVDs: Safe Delivery and Variable Bacterial Clearance at 1–6 Months

Written by Benjamin Moser Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

The anaerobic microorganism Cutibacterium acnes has been increasingly associated with the onset and progression of degenerative disc disease (DDD), though a direct causal link has yet to be confirmed. To clarify the potential pathogenic role of this bacterium, animal models that more accurately reflect human intervertebral disc (IVD) anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics are needed. In this proof-of-concept experiment, we aimed to demonstrate for the first time that C. acnes can be percutaneousl

Rumen-Derived Yeasts Outperform Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Biomass and Cellulase Production: Isolation of Pichia

Written by Napasorn Kongsiri Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast strain frequently incorporated into ruminant feed formulations to enhance nutritional value. Despite its widespread use, this species demonstrates weak biomass formation when cultivated with carbon substrates and exhibits minimal cellulase enzyme synthesis. The current investigation proposed that native ruminal yeasts may proliferate more efficiently and generate cellulases capable of degrading fibrous material. Therefore, the study aimed to isolate, character

Field-Based Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of a Killed Autologous Vaccine Targeting Streptococcus Dysgalactiae Subsp. Dysgalactiae in a Sheep Flock

Written by Bianca Ferreira Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

Neonatal joint-ill in lambs, predominantly caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD), leads to elevated rates of morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for an effective preventive vaccine. A blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted on a commercial sheep flock in the UK to evaluate an autologous SDSD vaccine. A total of 481 pregnant ewes received two doses of the vaccine, while 509 ewes remained unvaccinated. SDSD-specific antibody titres were measured

Variations in Transdiaphragmatic Pressure in Dogs with Cervical versus Thoracolumbar Myelopathy under Isoflurane Anesthesia

Written by Adam van Dijk Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

The study investigated whether transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) differs between dogs with cervical myelopathy (CM) and thoracolumbar myelopathy (TLM) under isoflurane anesthesia. In this prospective cohort study, ASA II dogs diagnosed with either CM or TLM and undergoing anesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures between September 2021 and July 2023 were enrolled. A uniform anesthetic protocol was applied. Transdiaphragmatic pressure was measured using balloon catheters placed in the stom

Minimally Invasive Two-Port Laparoscopic-Assisted Ovariohysterectomy for Treating Hydrometra and Pyometra in Small Dogs

Written by Jelena Markovic Published on Vol 1 Issue 1, 2021

Reports on laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy for treating hydrometra or pyometra in small dogs are scarce. This study retrospectively reviewed 77 dogs weighing less than 6 kg that underwent a two-port laparoscopic-assisted procedure for mild to moderate uterine disease. Surgical ports were positioned at the umbilicus and midway between the umbilicus and pelvic brim. The uterine horn was exteriorized, and the cervix was ligated and transected. The dogs had a median age of 8.8 years (10 mon

Volume 1, Issue 1 (2021)

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