This study aimed to explore the protective potential of Urtica dioica (U. dioica) against liver and kidney damage caused by combined exposure to the insecticides deltamethrin (DLM) and chlorpyrifos (CPF). Five experimental groups of rats were established: a control group, a group exposed to the DLM/CPF insecticide mixture, a group receiving a combination of vitamins C and E alongside the DLM/CPF mixture, a group administered an aqueous extract of U. dioica and a group treated with both the extract of U. dioica and the mixture of DLM/CPF. Analysis showed that U. dioica contained high levels of polyphenols (712.37 µg/g GAE/mg of dry plant). Exposure to DLM/CPF resulted in impaired red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HB), and hematocrit (Ht), as well as increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, urea, and uric acid. In addition, significant increases in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD), protein carbonyls (CP), and oxidation protein products (AOPP) were reported. The findings suggest that U. dioica has therapeutic properties against certain health issues, and exhibits significant antioxidant and antiradical activities.
