%0 Journal Article
%T Mating History, Oogenesis, Condition, and Survival Jointly Determine the Timing of Reproductive Investment in Adult Insects
%A Saif Al-Hinai
%A Amal Al-Balushi
%A Mohammed Al-Maskari
%A Sultan Al-Mahruqi
%J Entomological Research Letters
%@ 3108-639X
%D 2023
%V 3
%N 1
%R 10.51847/LhSvFb8xAl
%P 56-65
%X Adult insects do not allocate reproductive effort according to a single clock. Mating-derived signals, ovarian maturation, nutritional and somatic state, and the expected opportunity for future reproduction can change at different rates and can generate similar reproductive outputs from different internal states. This article develops a proposed non-empirical state-space model in which reproductive timing emerges from the joint configuration of four variables: mating history, oogenic readiness, nutritional and somatic condition, and residual survival probability. The model treats these variables as conceptually distinct but biologically coupled. It therefore avoids equating mating with immediate egg production, chronological age with remaining reproductive opportunity, food intake with condition, or delayed reproduction with a single mechanism such as senescence or restraint. Evidence across Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and Blattodea shows that mating can alter germline and somatic physiology, oogenesis has its own endocrine and cellular gates, nutritional effects depend on life stage and nutrient balance, and reproductive effort can increase, decline, or remain constrained under reduced future opportunity. The proposed model predicts multiple investment trajectories rather than one universal terminal-investment rule. Its purpose is to organize mechanistically plausible state combinations, identify where superficially similar phenotypes have different causes, and define measurements required for future longitudinal validation.
%U https://esvpub.com/article/mating-history-oogenesis-condition-and-survival-jointly-determine-the-timing-of-reproductive-inve-gebvib7noafnjbk