TY  - JOUR
T1  - Developmental Time Functions as a Dynamic Currency Balancing Growth, Maturation, Resource Use, and Seasonal Risk in Insects
A1  - James O'Leary
A1  - Aisling Dunne
A1  - Sean O'Brien
JF  - Entomological Research Letters
JO  - Entomol Res Lett
SN  - 3108-639X
Y1  - 2026
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.51847/JhSYWahWgt
SP  - 11
EP  - 21
N2  - Development time is commonly treated as an outcome of temperature, nutrition, seasonality, or stress, yet elapsed time also changes the biological conditions under which development continues. Additional time before maturation may permit further resource acquisition, tissue growth, physiological preparation, or repair, while simultaneously extending maintenance expenditure, delaying reproduction, increasing exposure to stage-specific mortality, and consuming finite seasonal opportunity. We develop the proposed developmental-time currency concept, in which the biological value of remaining in a developmental state is determined by the changing balance between marginal benefits of continued development and marginal costs of delay. The framework does not assume that faster development is universally advantageous, that longer development necessarily improves adult phenotype, or that observed developmental schedules are evolutionarily optimal. Instead, developmental time is treated as state dependent: its value changes with resource availability, thermal history, developmental stage, diapause state, seasonal information, mortality exposure, and inherited constraints. Evidence from insects supports these component relationships but not their complete integration into a single validated mechanism. The framework therefore generates conditional rather than universal expectations and separates organismal timing responses from fitness, population persistence, and evolutionary adaptation. Its central implication is that developmental duration should be interpreted not simply as a rate outcome but as a dynamic life-history allocation problem.
UR  - https://esvpub.com/article/developmental-time-functions-as-a-dynamic-currency-balancing-growth-maturation-resource-use-and-s-steuo5jn80aj5zu
ER  -