%0 Journal Article
%T Circadian Organization Coordinates Insect Metabolism, Behavior, Immunity, and Reproduction Across Daily Physiological Cycles
%A Paolo Ricci
%A Marco De Luca
%A Giulia Ferraro
%A Antonio Russo
%J Entomological Research Letters
%@ 3108-639X
%D 2024
%V 4
%N 2
%R 10.51847/aZJ4v7tTXe
%P 63-72
%X Insect physiology is temporally structured, yet circadian studies are commonly organized around individual outputs rather than the relationships among them. This systems perspective argues that daily coordination is better understood as distributed phase organization across molecular clocks, metabolic state, behavior, immune function, and reproduction. Evidence from Drosophila, mosquitoes, and Bombyx shows that clock networks receive multiple environmental inputs, distribute time through several neural and molecular routes, and generate output-specific rhythms whose expression depends on tissue, diet, microbiome, sleep pressure, light, infection context, sex, and life-history state. The evidence therefore does not support a single invariant schedule or a universally acting master pacemaker. Instead, it supports a distinction between endogenous clock state, environmental timing, subsystem phase, and the organismal phenotype measured at a particular time. We develop this distinction toward a proposed daily physiological organizer in which coordination is relational and polyphasic, while misalignment can arise through altered phase, amplitude, coupling, masking, or output-specific failure. The framework is intended as an evidence-bounded systems interpretation rather than a validated mechanism.
%U https://esvpub.com/article/circadian-organization-coordinates-insect-metabolism-behavior-immunity-and-reproduction-across-da-g6d4u6hw0rro5g6